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2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar
The 2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar refers to a cross-border counter-insurgency raid in Myanmar, carried out by Indian special forces on the night of 8 June 2015. The attack was in retaliation for an ambush by National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Khaplang) militants on a military convoy in Chandel district, Manipur on 4 June, that left 18 Indian Army personnel dead and 11 injured. The target of the operation was two militant camps located approximately 5 km within Myanmar territory. Commandos from the 21 Para Special Forces crossed into Myanmar on 8 June, destroyed both camps and killed all militants present.
== Background ==
The National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) is a Christian Naga nationalist militant group operating in Northeast India. The main aim of the organization is to establish a sovereign Christian state, "Nagalim".〔http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/nagaland/terrorist_outfits/NSCN_IM.HTM〕 The NSCN was formed on 31 January 1980 by Isak Chishi Swu, Thuingaleng Muivah and S.S. Khaplang opposing the Shillong Accord signed by the then Naga National Council (NNC) with the Government of India. Later, a disagreement surfaced within the outfit leaders over the issue of commencing dialogue with the Indian Government, and on 30 April 1988, the NSCN split into two factions - the NSCN (Khaplang) led by S.S. Khaplang, and the NSCN (Isak-Muivah), led by Isak Chishi Swu and Thuingaleng Muivah. The split triggered violent clashes between the factions.〔http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/9dWp8UcFtGZ0unojCnDgtI/Healing-or-hell-in-the-northeast.html〕
The Government of India signed a ceasefire agreement with the NSCN (IM) in 1997, and with the NSCN (K) in 2001.〔〔http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/13Vhw0hB197Mjxf3Rpak4J/Naga-ceasefire-its-a-headache.html〕 In March 2015, the Myanmar-based NSCN (K) terminated the ceasefire agreement, claiming that discussions and negotiations with the Indian Government had failed to reach any conclusion. The Government had, in the previous few years, increased its focus on the NSCN (IM). This was reportedly perceived by the NSCN (K) to be a slight, and it decided to prove that despite its Myanmar base, the group could attack targets inside Indian territory.
On 4 June 2015, insurgents armed with rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) ambushed a military convoy in the New Samtal area of Chandel district in Manipur, about 15–20 km from India-Myanmar border, killing 18 Indian Army personnel of the 6 Dogra Regiment and wounding 11 others. The attack was the deadliest insurgent attack against the Indian Army in 20 years. It was also the first time that any Northeastern militant group had utilized RPGs in an attack. The Army initially suspected that the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL) were behind the attack. However, the United Liberation Front of Western South East Asia (UNLFW) later claimed responsibility, and also stated that this was the first of several planned attacks against Indian security forces. The UNLFW is an umbrella group, formed on 17 April 2015, by four North Eastern insurgent groups - NSCN (K) and Meitei outfits, United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA), United National Liberation Front (UNLF), and the PLA. ''The Indian Express'' reported that the attack had been carried out by the NSCN (K), with support from the KYKL and the Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP). The latter two outfits have no agreements with the Indian Government, and provided the NSCN (K) with knowledge of the region, in exchange for the access to NSCN (K) camps for shelter and planning attacks.〔
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